python

 functions

 default parameter:

def add(a,b=0):

    c=a+b

    return c

x=add(3)

print(x)

in the above code, if no value for b is given, value of b becomes 0 by default

json files

import json

x={"name":"samit, "age":20,"job":"eng"}

y=json.dumps(x)            #converts dictionary to json

print(y)